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JEE • Chemistry

Qualitative Analysis

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Dry Tests: Charcoal Cavity, Cobalt Nitrate and Flame

The qualitative-analysis section starts with quick dry-test observations.

Charcoal cavity

Observation	Inference
Yellow when hot, white when cold; no metallic bead	$Zn^{2+}$
Brown when hot, yellow when cold; grey bead marks paper	$Pb^{2+}$
No characteristic residue; red beads or scales	$Cu^{2+}$
White residue glows on heating	$Ba^{2+}, Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}$
Black residue	Nothing definite, generally coloured salt

Cobalt nitrate

Metal	Colour of mass
Zinc	Green
Aluminium	Blue
Magnesium	Pink
Tin	Bluish-green

Flame

Flame colour	Inference
Crimson red / carmine red	Lithium
Golden yellow	Sodium
Violet/Lilac	Potassium
Brick red	Calcium
Crimson	Strontium
Apple green/yellowish green	Barium
Green with blue centre/greenish blue	Copper