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JEE • Physics

Gravitation

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Universal Law and Vector Form

The source begins Gravitation with Newton's law and the equal-opposite force relation in vector form.

F∝m1m2r2F\propto\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}
F=Gm1m2r2F=G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}
F⃗12=Gm1m2r2r^12\vec F_{12}=\frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}\hat r_{12}
r^12=−r^21⇒F⃗12=−F⃗21\hat r_{12}=-\hat r_{21}\Rightarrow \vec F_{12}=-\vec F_{21}
force pair
F12F21rm1m2

Variables & Notation

GG

universal gravitational constant

Notes

  • G=6.67×10−11 N m2kg−2G=6.67\times10^{-11}\ \text{N m}^2\text{kg}^{-2}.